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KMID : 1036520140040020065
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Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology
2014 Volume.4 No. 2 p.65 ~ p.73
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Thyroid Ophthalmopathy
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Choi Jae-Hwan
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Abstract
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Thyroid ophthalmopathy (TO), also called Graves’ ophthalmopathy or orbitopathy, is an inflammatory process characterized by edema and inflammation of the extraocular muscles and an increase in orbital connective tissue and fat. Despite recent progress in the understanding of its pathogenesis, TO often remains a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Encouraging smoking cessation and achieving euthyroidism are important. Simple conservative treatments such as lubricant, prisms, nocturnal ointment can be effective in mild TO, while steroid, orbital radiotherapy and surgery are generally indicated for sight-threatening TO and for active phase of moderate-to-severe TO. Immunomodulatory therapies which target the underlying immunologic basis of disease, will be considered as alternative therapies for TO in the future.
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KEYWORD
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Thyroid ophthalmopathy, Graves’ disease
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